National Evaluation Series (NES) Assessment of Professional Knowledge Practice Test

Which method is best for encouraging students to think critically when solving problems?

1. Direct instruction

2. Guided discovery

3. Self-directed learning

4. Collaborative projects

The correct answer is: Guided discovery

Guided discovery is an effective method for encouraging students to think critically when solving problems because it allows learners to explore concepts and ideas on their own while still providing essential support to navigate the learning process. This approach encourages students to investigate, ask questions, and develop hypotheses, which are crucial components of critical thinking. By discovering information and solutions on their own or in a structured environment rather than receiving direct instruction, students engage in deeper cognitive processes. In this context, guided discovery fosters an environment where students can make connections between prior knowledge and new information. It cultivates curiosity and intrinsic motivation, prompting learners to critically evaluate their findings, consider alternative perspectives, and reflect on their learning journey. Direct instruction tends to be more teacher-centered, emphasizing the transmission of knowledge rather than student exploration, which may limit opportunities for critical thinking. Self-directed learning places the responsibility on students to guide their own learning; while it supports independence, it may not always include the necessary scaffolding for critical analysis. Collaborative projects can promote teamwork and sharing of ideas, but the effectiveness greatly depends on how well the project is structured to stimulate critical thinking among participants.